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景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)(wei)環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)(wei)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)自動噴滴(di)灌設計(ji)軟(ruan)件高(gao)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)本國的成長(chang)(chang) 不久周期長(chang)(chang),半年前多軟(ruan)件采用(yong)于大眾(zhong)高(gao)爾夫足球場等高(gao)檔次放松娛樂公共場所,近些(xie)余(yu)年時間推移城區環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)(wei)環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)(wei)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)美觀(guan)(guan)的成長(chang)(chang) ,景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)(wei)環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)(wei)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)自動滴(di)灌設計(ji)軟(ruan)件高(gao)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)城區環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)(wei)環(huan)(huan)衛(wei)(wei)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)、花卉植物及人工草坪研(yan)發的方面(mian)獲取廣泛采用(yong)軟(ruan)件采用(yong)。
1、第四代住房室外花園庭院綠化自動灌溉系統的特點與城市綠地噴灌相比,第四代住房綠化自動微噴灌及滴灌系統具有如下特點:
(1)第四代住房室外花(hua)園庭院具有休(xiu)閑(xian)、觀(guan)賞、娛樂的(de)特(te)點,灌溉系(xi)統(tong)要(yao)與現有景觀(guan)相互協調、配合,既要(yao)滿(man)足草坪(ping)、花(hua)卉、樹木生(sheng)長的(de)需要(yao),又要(yao)具有觀(guan)賞性(xing),要(yao)具有較(jiao)好的(de)景觀(guan)效(xiao)果。
(2)第四代住房室外花園(yuan)庭院通常根據園(yuan)林(lin)設計的特(te)點呈現(xian)不規則形狀,并為了美化伴(ban)有各種(zhong)灌木、奇(qi)石等造(zao)型。因此給灌溉(gai)系統(tong)的規劃(hua)、設計及施(shi)工(gong)帶來(lai)一定的難度,相對于(yu)城市綠地(di)灌溉(gai)來(lai)說,其技術要求(qiu)較高(gao)。
(3)第(di)四代住房室(shi)外(wai)(wai)花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)庭(ting)院對(dui)灌溉(gai)技術(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):第(di)四代住房室(shi)外(wai)(wai)花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)庭(ting)院的主要(yao)作(zuo)物是草坪(ping)(ping)、花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)、矮樹,根(gen)系活(huo)動層多(duo)在20~100cm左右(you),因而淺澆勤灌成(cheng)為其(qi)突(tu)出特點(dian),傳統(tong)地面(mian)灌水(shui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式很難滿足要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),極易造(zao)成(cheng)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)流失和(he)植被根(gen)系長時間浸水(shui)。同時,相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)地面(mian)綠地空間而言(yan),空中室(shi)外(wai)(wai)花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)庭(ting)院空間顯得相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)狹小,不(bu)能(neng)搖臂(bei)式地噴水(shui),否則容易對(dui)樓(lou)下公共區(qu)域造(zao)成(cheng)以外(wai)(wai)噴淋。時下從(cong)國內外(wai)(wai)園(yuan)(yuan)林綠化灌溉(gai)技術(shu)的發展來(lai)看,微噴灌及滴(di)溉(gai)技術(shu)是較(jiao)為理想的灌水(shui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式,而且其(qi)霧化效(xiao)果好,水(shui)滴(di)小,對(dui)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)和(he)草坪(ping)(ping)的打(da)擊強度(du)較(jiao)小。
2、第四代住房智能自動化微噴灌及滴溉技術的特點和設計思想
(1)維持現有景(jing)觀,配(pei)合地(di)形、地(di)貌特點,注重(zhong)灌(guan)溉噴(pen)(pen)灑的(de)觀賞(shang)性,做到(dao)美觀實用(yong)(yong),基于此,第四代住房室外花園庭(ting)院綠(lv)化工程(cheng)多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)自(zi)動(dong)化微噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)及滴(di)灌(guan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。其中(zhong)噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)多為埋(mai)藏式伸縮噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou),安(an)裝時(shi)頂部(bu)與(yu)草坪地(di)面平齊(qi),當管(guan)道中(zhong)有壓(ya)力(li)水時(shi),噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)噴(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)部(bu)分彈出(chu)地(di)面約5cm~10cm,無水壓(ya)時(shi),噴(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)保持與(yu)地(di)面平齊(qi),不影響割(ge)草等(deng)日常活動(dong)。與(yu)目前一些地(di)方(fang)應用(yong)(yong)豎鐵(tie)管(guan)加搖臂式噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相比,其優點明顯:管(guan)道多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)PVC塑料管(guan),全(quan)部(bu)埋(mai)在地(di)下,可(ke)很方(fang)便地(di)與(yu)噴(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)相連;控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)多由電(dian)子調諧可(ke)編程(cheng)控制器(qi)和交流信號(hao)控制的(de)電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)組成。
(2)為了使灌(guan)溉綠化達到美觀、賞心悅(yue)目的效(xiao)果,在灌(guan)溉的整體布(bu)(bu)局(ju)(ju)上多(duo)采(cai)(cai)用對稱(cheng)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)(ju)及間隔(ge)布(bu)(bu)置相結合。具體布(bu)(bu)置時(shi)大(da)面(mian)積地(di)塊中部宜采(cai)(cai)用高仰角、大(da)流量(liang)的噴頭,其具有較(jiao)大(da)的噴灑半(ban)徑和較(jiao)高的噴灑弧線的灌(guan)水器,噴灑時(shi)呈全圓或扇形旋轉噴灑,具有較(jiao)好的動感效(xiao)果。
足球場(chang)假草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)邊(bian)(bian)界線(xian)及(ji)足球場(chang)假草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)內(nei)小(xiao)路圖(tu)片大人總在(zai)邊(bian)(bian)上進行小(xiao)型(xing)灌水器(qi),以建成(cheng)美麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)花朵(duo)超(chao)重低音。為解決在(zai)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)(bian)框地(di)(di)區出現(xian)了漏灑(sa)不良現(xian)象,足球場(chang)假草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)有邊(bian)(bian)框調控點(dian)上進行小(xiao)型(xing)灌水器(qi),并呈180度(du)(du)和180度(du)(du)扇形(xing)(xing)灑(sa),并保持不灑(sa)在(zai)附進路段及(ji)一(yi)(yi)樓。這(zhe)么的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)置在(zai)啟用(yong)時(shi)顯得很比(bi)較(jiao)順利完成(cheng),更進一(yi)(yi)步上丘陵地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)很小(xiao)略微,一(yi)(yi)個灑(sa)范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)觀規劃設(she)計治療成(cheng)效和均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)度(du)(du)都比(bi)較(jiao)夢想(xiang)。特(te)出所在(zai)位置布設(she)小(xiao)型(xing)滴(di)灌管道,滿足全東南方向(xiang)撒播的(de)(de)(de)(de)治療成(cheng)效。
(3)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)理及接線。第(di)四(si)代住房智能自動(dong)化微噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)系(xi)統(tong)多采用(yong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電磁閥,從而(er)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)整個(ge)(ge)灌(guan)(guan)溉系(xi)統(tong)。設計中可根據實(shi)際情況將(jiang)整個(ge)(ge)范圍劃(hua)分成(cheng)若干小區,電磁閥安裝在各小區首部,由(you)一根信號(hao)線和一根零線與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)相(xiang)連。通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)很方便(bian)地進行程序編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),選(xuan)擇(ze)好(hao)一周(zhou)中哪一天(tian)進行噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)及灌(guan)(guan)水的(de)開始和結束時(shi)間,便(bian)很容易地對整個(ge)(ge)噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)系(xi)統(tong)進行自動(dong)化控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了。除全自動(dong)化控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)還可實(shi)現(xian)半(ban)自動(dong)化以及完全手(shou)動(dong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),運行管理十分方便(bian)。
(4)灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)設(she)計。第四代(dai)住房(fang)智能自動化微噴灌多采用市政(zheng)自來水(shui)(shui)供水(shui)(shui)。若室外(wai)花園庭院(yuan)綠地(di)面積(ji)較小,選用微噴頭(tou)較少時,水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)處一般(ban)不需(xu)加壓;若室外(wai)花園庭院(yuan)綠地(di)面積(ji)較大(da),布設(she)管(guan)道較長,通常要(yao)在(zai)市政(zheng)自來水(shui)(shui)的基礎上(shang)加壓,一般(ban)需(xu)將一臺(tai)管(guan)道泵串聯(lian)在(zai)管(guan)道中,其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)路連接需(xu)由控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器同時控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)泵和電磁閥的開啟,因而要(yao)將水(shui)(shui)泵的交流接觸器并聯(lian)在(zai)電磁閥的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)路中,以實現水(shui)(shui)泵電磁閥及水(shui)(shui)泵的全(quan)自動化控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。